Radiator



July 6,1926. 1,323.

. J. KARMAZIN RADIATOR Filed Jan. 16, 1925 ,3 Sheets-Sheet 1- IN VEN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

July 6 1926.

1,591,323 J. KARMAZIN RADIATOR I Filed Jan. 16; 1 a sheets-sheet (Ml/0" KA Z/lV EN 0R.

A TTORNEYS.

British Thefmal Unzts July 6 ,-1926. 1,591,323

.| KARMAZIN RADIATOR Filed Jan; 16, 19135 3 Sheets-Sheet :5

0 /0 20 M 1265 per/war my m lM/I 2/4 INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYS.

-' "itact with the wallsof .the fluid passages 1s.

' deflected toward or Patented July .6, 1926. V

UNITED; STATES some KARMAZIN,

OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

nlxnra'ron.

Appfieation filed January This invention relates to radiators, and particularly to radiators of the type shown in my prior co-pending application, Serial No. 579,416, filed. August 3, 1922, of which this application is in part a continuation.

' In said application I have shown a radiator of the tubular type, formed from a plurality of superposed plates of sheet material having struck therefrom short tubular projections, the projections of one plate being adapted to enter the projections in the adjacent plate, whereby continuous tubes are provided. The tubes open at their ends into the usual headers, which may communicate with the water jacket of a gas engine, or c1 ther container of a fluid it is desired to coo One object of the present. invention is to improve and increase the efliciency of radiators of the type disclosed in my prior application above identified.

A further object of the invention is' to increase the eflioiency of tubular radiators by providing means. whereby the water in the center of the tubes comes in contact with 'a heat conducting element which is in heat conducting relation with the walls of the ube.

A further object of the invention is to pro-- v baflles in the fluid passages vide carriers or .of a radiator whereby the fluid not in coninto contact with the walls without materially retarding theflow of fluid through said passages. Another object of the invention is to provide a radiator of the integral fin and tube type having the walls of the tube to the interior of the fluid column in the tube, which will leave the majority of the s ace in the tube 0 en to permit substantia ly unrestricted owtherethrough. 7

With these and other objects in view, my invention consists .in the novel devices and combinations which are illustrated in the drawings and will be hereinafter described.

In the drawings,- Fig. 1- isa sectional tor of the type .to which my invention 1s applied.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary inverted plan view of a radiator element comprising a preferred embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary taryinverted plan integral baffles extending from chamber 21, with a plurality bers. aid tubes elevation of a radia-.'

' .I have found that the provision,

sectional elevation the tubes, of battles or obstructions 16, use, Serial lio. 2,742. of a radiator comprisin the embodiment of the invention shown in ig. 2.

Fig. 4 is view of a radiator element comprising a modified form of my invention.

Fig. 5 is an inverted sectional elevation of the device shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a' fragmentary inverted plan view of a further modification of my inventron. I

Fig.- 7 is a fragmentary inverted plan view of a further modification of my invention.

Fig. l 8 is a fragmentar tion.

Fig. 9 is fica-tion shown .in Fig.8.

Fig. 10 is .a fragmentary inverted plan yiew of a further-modification of my invenion.

Fig. 11 is an inverted. sectional elevation of the modification shown in Fig. 10.

Figs.'12, 13 and'14 each show a fragmenview of a radiator elenient embodying a modified form of my invention.

Figs. 15 and 16 are sectional elevations of other forms of baflles whereby the water 1s- :given a tortuous or serpentine flow through the tubes.

Fig. 17 of the invention shown' in Fig. 15.

Fig. 18is a'plan view of another embodiment of the invention. Fi ..19 is a graphical illustration showing t e comparative efficiency of a number of different types of radiators.

The radiator illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises an upper chamber-20 and a lower of tubes exbetween the up r and lower chamare ormed by superposinga plurality of elements 22 having integral tubular'projections 23 thereon, the ends of the-tubular projections associated with each element being adapted to tele scope intothe'projections of the adjacent lower element to form continuous conduits. The top and bottom elements respectively may form the bottom of the upper chamber tendi -or header, and the top of the lower chamber or header.

wlthin inverted plan view of a further modification of my inven is a plan view of the embodiment a fragmentary inverted plan by a sectional elevation of the modiwhich,

. tube row being staggered with .ing the heated fluid all the tubes into contact with at intervals, provide obstructions in the tubes without greatly reducing the effective area of the tubes, greatly increases the efflciene-y of the radiator. This increasein efliciency'may be due, in part to the fact that the battle forms a heat conductor in direct contact with the center portion of the heated fluid may also he due, in part, to the battles (liverting the direct plane of a column of the fluid through the center of the tube, bring from the center of the tube into contact with the tube walls.

The baffles may he of any desirable shape and formed in the tubes in any desired manner. hen the tubular projections on the radiator elements are formed by providing a cup in the element forming sheet, and thereafter removing the bottom of the cup, as described in my application Serial No. 641,850, filed May 28, 1923, the baflles are conveniently associated with the free ends of said projections. A die isprovided, which removes only part of the'metal forming the bottom of the cup, or merely presses said metal into a suitable shape to provide an opening and at the same time form a battle, the baflle being integral with the tube walls.

In Figs. 2 and 3, [have illustrated a preferred form of my invention, in which three bars or strips 24 of metal extend from spaced points on the wall projection, and meet in the center. flow of fluid through the center of the is thus diverted, and heat is conducted from the center to the tube wall by the bars 24, and the stream is broken up in such a way that the hottest inner portion or center is spread and diverted outwardly with the cooler tube walls and yet the major portion of the tube is left open for the flow of fluid therethrough. Perforations 25 for the circulation of air may be provided in the fin of the element, these perforations being conveniently formed by a die which bends the metal outward and downward but does not remove it. I have illustrated perforations of triangular shape, surrounded by triangular fins 26 formed in making the perforations. flect the air currents through the radiator and provide for more cooling.

I have illustrated a radiator element comprising two rows of tubes, the tubes of one respect to those efl'ectively bring the air moving transversely through the radiator.

of the other row, to more An desired number of rows of tubes ma y y be used.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated a tubular pro- 27 of oblong' shape. Between the walls of said projection, are transection lateral column and tube walls. It-

'lar projections.

of each tubular The by the bars into contact These fins deverse bars 28, from which segmental baflles or wings 29 extend outward and downward.

Thorough mixing of the fluid in the enlarged tube is thus insured, and the baflles and bars conduct the heat to the tube walls.

In Fig. 6, I have shown the round tubes as provided with" a single bar 30 which preferably extends directly across the center of the tube. The web intermediate the tubes is provided with perforations 51 similar to those shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

In the form of the invention shown in- Fig. 7, the bottom is perforated with a, plurality of small openings 33, which are shown as circular in shape, as in application Ser. No. 579,416, the part of the cup bottom remaining between and around the openings forming the baflle. This construction eliminates entirely the sharp and unprotected rim at the end of the tubular projection, and the attendant danger of injury to the projections and interference with rapid assembly of the elements due to said rim catching on the edge of the opening it is designed to enter. A similar advantage attaches to anv' form of 32 of each tubular cup battle associated with the end of the tubu- In Figs. 8 and 2), l have shown the ends of the short tubes provided with a single cross bar 34 from which segmental battles 35 and 36 extend downward and outward on either side. The bar 34 with the bafllcs may comprise all the material of the bottom of the cup from which the tube is formed. nothing whatever being ren'ioved.

The form of the device shown in Figs. l0

and 11 is somewhat similar to that. shown in Figs. 8 and 9, but differs therefrom in that a single baflle 37 extends, from the cross bar 38, the openingat one side of the cross bar being unobstructed. The tubes-are interspaced with the usual perforations in the web or fin portion of the element. sired, these elements may be assembled with baflles 37 alternately on opposite sides of the tube to give a more. tortuous course to the water. I a

In Figs. 12, 13 and 14, I have shown the battle plates as surrounding restricted openings 40, 41 or 42 of various shapes. By actual test I have found that the relative positioning of the batlleplates and the open ings very greatly aflects the efliciency of the radiator.

Fig. 15 illustrates an oblong tube with holes 43 adjacent oneend thereof and staggered to give a serpentine course to the cooling fluid, as indicated by the arrow.

1 Fig. 16 shows a round tube radiator with round holes 44 of reduced diameter therein or with holes of theshape shown in Figs. 12, 13 and 14. In this embodiment the cooling fluid spreads out in the body of the tubes, is constricted at the openings, and

If detor.

and with the standard radiator of a well known automobile. The data for the graphs was secured by actual ,test' of the several radiators under standard conditions, and the results illustrated are typical of the results secured in a large number of such comparative tests.

The several curves of Fig. 19 show the amount of heat dissipated in British thermal units, which is radiated by the several radiators at different rates of speed of'the car. The axis of abscissas is measured in miles per hour, and the axis of ordinates in the number of British thermal units dissipated from the cooling fluid in the radia- Cprve A relates to the standard fin and tube radiator placed on a well known automobile by its manufacturers, said radiator comprising fiverows of tubes.

Curve B shows the heat dissipated by one I of my improved radiators adapted for the same automobile and com rising two rows of tubes, but without ba e plates or bars. It will be noted that at all speeds the efi-. ciency of my radiator greatly exceeds that of the standard radiator.

CurveG represents the heat dissipated by a radiator .com rising two rows of tubes provided. with t e single bar or'baflle, diametrically placed, as'lllustrated in Fig. 6,

the radiator being otherwise similar to the one re resented by curve B. A truly remarka le increase in efliciency is seen to be secured by the use of the heat conducting and fluid-mixing'baflle or bar.

The efi'ect of the bafile is even more strikingly illustrated by comparing curve C with curve D, the latter representing my tubular radiator comprising three rows of tubes without bafiles. The radiation secured by providingl the tubes withthe single bar is greater t an that. secured by adding to the radiator half the original number of tubes with the eorres nding increase in cost and weight involve In other words, the radi ation eflected by the baflies associated with two rows of tubes is greaterthan the radiation efiected byone additional row of tubes without bafiles.- Two rows of tubes with baflles efl'ect more radiation than three rows of tubes without baflles.

Curve E represents the heat dissipated by a radiator having tubes provided with the .triple bar baffle shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

the radiator being otherwise similar to the one represented by curves B and C, and the conditions of the test being the same. This radiator shows a Very marked increase in efiiciency over the open tube radiator of curve B, as well as a very appreciable, thoughless pronounced, superiority over the single baflle radiator of curve C. As compared with the single bar radiator, the triple bar radiator is more efiicient at practically all speeds, and the increase in the heat radiated as the speed increases, is much more uniform, whereby a more even temperature with consequent un1form1ty and steadiness of performance of the motor at all speeds is in sured.

Other variations 'in structure than those herein illustrated and described may be resorted to, andthe baflles may be applied to the tube of the ordinary fin and tube type radiator, the invention being limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A radiator element comprising a plurality of tubular sections, each provided with a bafile comprising a transverse bar, and a plurality of wings extending out-- wardly and downwardly from said bar.

2. A radiator element comprising a plurality of tubular sections, each provided with a baflie comprising a transverse bar, :nd a wing member extending from said 3. A radiator of the integral fin and tube type comprising an upper header, a lower header, and a core composed of a plurality passages through the core communicating with said headers, and means at spaced intervals within said passages for dividing the fluid column flowing therethrough into a plurality-of parts and diverting it toward the walls thereof below said dividing means without materially retarding the flow of fluid through said passages.

4. A radiator comprising a plurality of radiator elements each provided with a plurality of tubular projections, with the projections of one element extending into the projections of the adjacent element to. form fluid conducting tubes, heat conducting baflles associated with each of said projections, said baflles comprising bars joined to the walls of said projections at spaced inter.- vals, dividing the tubes into a plurality of sector shaped openings-whereby the fluid passing through said opening is deflected toward the walls of thenext'succeeding projection without substantially retarding the flow ofliquid therethrough.

5. A radiator comprising an up er header, a lower h'eader,a plurality of tu 's intermediate and communicating with said water headers, there being no obstruction extending longitudinally through said tubes, and relatively narrow heat conducting bars integral with said tubes and arranged to extend transversely of the tubes at spaced intervals therein whereby to divide the water columns and conduct the heat from the center of thewater column passing through said tubes without substantially retarding its flow therethrough. v

6. A radiator element comprising a tin member having a plurality of tubular projections, each open at each end, said projections having relatively narrow bars at their free ends which deflect and divide the flowing through said projections without substantially retarding the flow therethrough.

T. In a radiator of the type described, an upper header, a. lower header, and a core thcrebetween comprising a plurality of tin elements with integral, tubular projections extending therefrom, the project-ions of one element extending into the projections of the adjacent element to form fluid passages through the core, the bottoms of said projections being open except for integral battles extending from the walls of the projections toward the center of the fluid passages to defiectthe water passing said baiiies toward the walls of the next succeeding projection, the obstructing area of said battles being substantially less than one half the cross sectional area of said tubes so as to not materially retard the flow of water through the passages.

8. In a radiator ofthe ty e described, an upper header, a lower header, and a core therebetween comprising a plurality of fin elements with integral tubular projections til extending therefrom, the projections of one element, extending into the projections of the adjacent element to form fluid passages through the core, said projections being open at each end except for relatively nar-' row baflle bars extending across the bottom of said tubular projections to divide the fluid column and deflect the fluid passing through said passages toward the Walls of the succeeding projections without sub stantially retarding the flow' of fluid through said passages.

9.v In an integral tin and tube type radiator of the type described, comprising a plurality of fluid passages formed of nested tubular projections the center of said passages being unobstructed except for relatively narrow integral heat conducting bars across the center of the water columns at the ends of the projections, said heat conducting bars dividing and deflecting said water columns without materially retarding the flow of water through said tubes.

10. In a radiator of the type described, a radiator core comprising a plurality of fin members each having a. plurality of integral tubular projections extending therefrom with the projection of one fin member extendinginto the projections of the adjacent tin member to form water conduits through the core, heat conducting bathe means comprising relatively narrow metal paths integral with said projections and extending across the same to divide the water column into a plurality of parts without materially retarding the flow through said tubes.

, In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature to this specification.

JOHN KARMAZIN. 

